Social deficits reflect difficulty expressing reciprocal verbal and non-verbal behaviour, but patients may also show rigidity in behaviour and hypersensitivity to external stimuli 3. In tandem, ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition predominantly characterised by a wide range of pathological social and behavioural impairments. AN affects 8 in 100,000 people, and has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness at 20% 1, 2. This psychiatric condition results in extremely low body weight in the context of individual age, sex, and overall development. Findings suggest no consistent neuroanatomical abnormality associated with ASD, and evidence is lacking to suggest that reported behavioural similarities between those with AN and ASD are due to neuroanatomical structural similarities.Īnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and multifactorial eating disorder characterised by a pathological fear of putting on weight and a distorted body-image. There was no structural overlap between ASD and AN. The changes are consistent with alterations in flexible reward-related learning and episodic memory reported in neuropsychological studies. Meta-analysis of 23 AN publications revealed increased volume within the orbitofrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe, and adult-only AN literature revealed differences within the genu of the anterior cingulate cortex. Across 46 ASD publications, a meta-analysis of volumetric differences between ASD and healthy controls revealed no consistently affected brain regions. We performed a systematic review of structural MRI literature with the aim of identifying common structural neural correlates common to both AN and ASD. Some behaviours, particularly concerning food selectivity are found in populations with both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and AN, and there is a proportionally elevated number of anorexic patients exhibiting symptoms of ASD. Recent research reports Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to be highly dependent upon neurobiological function.
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